Hardness conversion (HRC / HV / HB)

Convert hardness between Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV) and Brinell (HB), with a tensile strength estimate.

HRCHVHBRm (MPa)
20238226770
25266253850
30302286950
353453271,080
403923711,250
454464211,450
484844551,580
505134811,680
52544
55595
58653
60697
63772
65832

Approximate values for un-/low-alloy steel (ISO 18265). Above ~450 HB, Brinell is unreliable; the Rm estimate holds to ~50 HRC.

How do you convert hardness?

Hardness is measured on several scales: Rockwell C (HRC), Vickers (HV) and Brinell (HB). They measure the same property with a different indenter and load, so conversion is always an approximation (per ISO 18265 / SAE J417, for steel). Rule of thumb: HV ≈ HB up to ~450, and Rm ≈ 3.3 × HB for unhardened steel. For hard materials (>450 HB), use HV or HRC; Brinell is no longer reliable there.

Frequently asked questions

How much HV is 50 HRC?
About 513 HV. Conversely, 500 HV is roughly 49 HRC.
Why only an approximation?
Each method uses a different indenter and force. The conversion holds statistically for steel; other alloys deviate.
Can I derive strength from hardness?
For unhardened steel, Rm ≈ 3.3 × HB is a rough estimate. Above ~50 HRC that relationship is no longer linear.
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